Concrete due to its reasonable price, high speed, durability and longevity, has features such as high pressure tolerance, relative resistance to heat, resistance to chemicals and solvents and UV and many other advantages for construction Industrial floors are used. The use of concrete floors in the floors of sheds, warehouses, production lines of factories, parking lots, repair shops and large workshops is very common. Here, before introducing glossy and polished concrete floors, three types of concrete floors are introduced. These three types of concrete flooring are the most common flooring for floor implementation in industrial and semi-industrial environments.
1- Ordinary concrete floors
2- Hard concrete floors
3- Mosaic floors
As stated in the previous session, concrete consists of three main components:
1- Cement
2- Aggregate
3- Water
In conventional (especially old) concretes , concrete is often produced only by mixing these three components , and additives that help reduce water consumption or increase concrete strength without excessive cement use are less commonly used. For this reason, this type of concrete floor has many disadvantages and to be used as a final floor, changes must be made in this type of surface.
1- Permeability
2- Low abrasion resistance
3- Creating dust and efflorescence
4- Lack of radiance and beauty of the surface
5- It is difficult to clean
6- Lack of beauty and not glossy
By changing the formulation of concrete and using some additives, water consumption can be reduced and as a result, the pores and capillaries in concrete can be reduced and the density of concrete texture can be increased, as well as the strength of concrete can be increased without increasing. The amount of cement. These types of concrete surfaces have advantages over conventional concrete surfaces due to having fewer pores and denser texture.
In many cases, in order to improve the surface properties of concrete and reduce the cost of concreting, only the layer on the concrete surface is modified. This type of flooring is done in the following two ways.
The powder used is micronized and often has a grain size of less than one millimeter, which is made of cement and very hard minerals such as silicon carbide, copper ore, basalt, silica and paving and as a durable coating and concreting. it works. , Run. This powder can also be colored and contains colored pigments.
In this method, during concreting, the underlying concrete is manually sprayed on fresh concrete before hardening. After leveling the hard concrete with ingots and hand trowels, a butterfly trowel is used to polish the mortar before it hardens. Butterfly trowel is used in two forms of tray and trowel.
It is a hard layer in the form of industrial flooring, which is made of a combination of very hard aggregates and slag from metal furnaces and high-grade cement, and is applied as a final layer as a mortar on freshly reinforced concrete.
Also, this type of flooring is applied on fresh concrete after the initial setting and before the final setting, between three and four hours after the initial concrete is applied and while the concrete is still wet. After leveling the hard concrete with ingots and hand trowels, a butterfly trowel is used to polish the mortar before it hardens.
This type of flooring is implemented in three different thicknesses based on the amount of traffic in the relevant unit. The heavier the amount of traffic and machinery, products and vehicles per unit, the thicker the applied layer.
Often the maximum thickness used is 2 cm (heavy) followed by 1.5 cm (semi-heavy) and 1 cm (light).
High resistance to pressure and abrasion
Very low permeability
Easier to clean
It should be applied on fresh concrete
There are restrictions on runtime
Not glossy and light reflection
Of course, it should be noted here that concrete floors need an integrated and integrated metal mesh (reinforcement) to have high flexural and tensile strength. Because the above hard concrete floors are more effective in surface properties such as wear and impermeability, etc.
Mosaic is a dense floor and is actually a type of concrete that reaches its density either by pressing or by vibration and is made of sand, cement, aggregate and stone powder. This type of flooring is produced and used in a variety of designs, colors and dimensions. But it is mainly used for the floor of industrial sheds of simple type and with their smooth surface.
Easy to clean
Relatively low permeability
abrasion resistance
Possibility of breaking due to impact
Relatively long time spent running
Low tolerance to heavy traffic load
Lack of glossy and cleanliness of mosaic floors
Therefore, all three types of common industrial concrete flooring in the country listed above. They have strengths and weaknesses. Today, a new method has been invented in the world, which is known as polished concrete. In this method, by applying lithium-based liquid hardeners on various types of concrete floors , they become polished and glossy concrete floors. This method can improve the properties of concrete floors and reduce their disadvantages so that they can be used as final and glossy floors. It should be noted that this process is accompanied by the payment of concrete floors by flooring machines and ultimately leads to the creation of glossy , impermeable, hard and hygienic concrete floors .
As mentioned in the section on concrete chemistry and hydration of cement components. Calcium hydroxide is a by-product of the hydration process of calcium silicates and the regulation of concrete. Penetrating silicate hardeners are sucked into the capillaries of the concrete from all directions due to osmotic pressure, and wherever water penetrates, these hardeners also penetrate into the concrete.
The reaction of these hardeners with metal oxides in concrete, especially calcium hydroxide, which is produced by the setting of concrete and found in abundance in concrete, produces hydrated calcium silicate, which forms insoluble white and needle-shaped crystals and all Covers cavities. It completely fills the concrete and thus the concrete is completely impermeable, resistant and increases the density of the concrete.
The resulting network, while blocking the concrete capillaries and all water and moisture transfer channels, can increase the resistance of concrete to pressure and wear and thus the concrete at a depth of 5 to 15 mm and against positive and negative water pressure And steam resistant
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